Basal cell carcinomas are less common in dogs than in cats, but when they do occur, they can present serious challenges for affected dogs, especially older ones. These tumors, also referred to as basosquamous cell carcinomas, can appear almost anywhere on the body and are more aggressive than basal cell tumors. While they generally remain localized, spreading to neighboring skin, prompt and thorough treatment is crucial. In this article, we will examine the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for basal cell carcinomas in dogs.
What Are Basal Cell Carcinomas in Dogs?
Basal cell carcinomas are malignant skin tumors that originate from the basal layer of the epidermis. These tumors can either appear flat or raised above the skin and often develop ulcers that spread, making them more aggressive than benign basal cell tumors. Unlike basal cell tumors, which are primarily benign, basal cell carcinomas have a higher risk of local spread, though they seldom metastasize to distant organs.
Symptoms of Basal Cell Carcinomas
Basal cell carcinomas in dogs can appear in a variety of forms and may affect any part of the body. Common characteristics include:
- Flattened or raised lumps: The tumor may appear as a raised mass or a flattened area on the skin’s surface.
- Ulceration: These carcinomas often develop open sores that can spread, making them more difficult to treat if left unchecked.
- Localized spread: While they primarily affect the skin around the tumor site, these carcinomas can spread to surrounding tissue, causing additional skin damage.
These tumors tend to occur in older dogs, with certain breeds, such as Saint Bernards, Scottish Terriers, and Norwegian Elkhounds, being more at risk. It is essential to monitor any unusual growths on your dog’s skin, especially if they seem to be spreading or becoming ulcerated.
Causes of Basal Cell Carcinomas in Dogs
There are several contributing factors that may lead to the development of basal cell carcinomas in dogs:
- Age: As with many forms of cancer, older dogs are more likely to develop basal cell carcinomas.
- Breed predisposition: Certain breeds, including Saint Bernards, Scottish Terriers, and Norwegian Elkhounds, are at greater risk for this type of tumor.
- Sun exposure: Dogs with lighter skin or those that spend significant time outdoors may have an increased risk of skin tumors due to sun exposure, although this is less of a factor for basal cell carcinomas compared to squamous cell carcinomas.
Treatment for Basal Cell Carcinomas in Dogs
The primary treatment for basal cell carcinomas in dogs is surgical removal. Given the tumor's potential for localized spread, veterinarians will often remove not only the tumor but also a margin of healthy skin around the growth. This ensures that no cancerous cells are left behind and reduces the risk of recurrence.
Surgery is typically very effective, but in cases where the tumor is large or located in a challenging area, additional treatments such as radiation therapy or cryotherapy may be considered. Post-surgery, regular monitoring of the dog’s skin is essential to catch any signs of recurrence early.
While basal cell carcinomas are less common in dogs than in cats, they can still pose significant risks, particularly for older dogs. Early detection and surgical removal are critical in preventing further spread and ensuring the dog’s comfort. If you notice any unusual lumps or ulcerated areas on your dog’s skin, consult a veterinarian for a thorough examination and treatment options.