Keratinized skin cysts are common in dogs and are filled with keratin, a protein found in the skin and hair. These cysts typically have a hard or solid core and can range in appearance from gray, brown, to yellowish. While they are generally benign, proper identification and treatment are important to avoid complications. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for keratinized skin cysts in dogs.
What Are Keratinized Skin Cysts?
Keratinized skin cysts are lumps that form due to an abnormal buildup of keratin. The most common type of cyst contains a granular, “cheesy” material and is often the result of a hair follicle malformation. These cysts can develop anywhere on the dog's body and are typically benign. They are usually filled with keratin, a fibrous structural protein that contributes to the hard texture of the cyst.
Types of Keratinized Skin Cysts in Dogs
There are several different types of keratinized cysts, each affecting a specific part of the hair follicle. These include:
- Infundibular follicular cysts: Affecting the upper portion of the hair follicle.
- Isthmus catagen cysts: Affecting the lower part of the follicle during a specific phase of hair growth.
- Matrix cysts: Affecting the hair matrix, where hair growth begins.
- Hybrid (panfollicular) cysts: Affecting multiple parts of the follicle.
- Dermoid cysts: These congenital cysts are present from birth and often contain fully formed hair shafts. They are commonly found in breeds like Boxers, Kerry Blue Terriers, and Rhodesian Ridgebacks.
Symptoms of Keratinized Skin Cysts
Keratinized skin cysts are usually easy to detect because they form noticeable lumps on the dog's skin. The following symptoms are commonly associated with these cysts:
- Hard or solid lumps: The cysts may have a hard core and feel solid when touched.
- Granular material: When opened, the cysts often contain a gray, brown, or yellowish “cheesy” substance.
- Multiple cysts: Some dogs may develop more than one cyst, particularly with dermoid cysts.
- Benign nature: Although these cysts are benign, they can cause discomfort, especially if they become irritated or infected.
Causes of Keratinized Skin Cysts
Most keratinized skin cysts in dogs result from hair follicle malformations. Dermoid cysts, in particular, are congenital, meaning that dogs are born with them. Breeds such as Boxers, Kerry Blue Terriers, and Rhodesian Ridgebacks are more likely to develop these congenital cysts. Other types of keratinized cysts can arise from abnormalities in different parts of the hair follicle or due to skin trauma.
Treatment Options for Keratinized Skin Cysts
Although keratinized skin cysts are benign, they can become a source of irritation or infection if left untreated. The primary treatment option is surgical removal.
- Surgical Removal: The best treatment for keratinized skin cysts is surgical removal, especially if the cysts are causing discomfort or are at risk of infection. Removal should only be performed by a veterinarian.
- Avoid Squeezing: It is crucial to avoid attempting to squeeze or pop the cysts, as this can cause the contents to spread into surrounding tissues and potentially lead to infection.
Keratinized skin cysts in dogs are generally benign but can cause discomfort or become infected if not properly treated. Early detection and surgical removal are key to managing these cysts and preventing complications. Breeds such as Boxers, Kerry Blue Terriers, and Rhodesian Ridgebacks are particularly prone to developing congenital dermoid cysts. If you notice any unusual lumps or bumps on your dog’s skin, consult your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.