Keratoacanthomas, also known as cornifying epitheliomas or infundibular keratinizing acanthomas, are benign skin tumors commonly seen in middle-aged dogs. These tumors often resemble tough, horn-like growths that protrude from the skin and can appear on various parts of a dog’s body. While they are generally harmless, they can cause discomfort and may lead to infections if left untreated. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms, affected breeds, and treatment options for keratoacanthomas in dogs.
What Are Keratoacanthomas?
Keratoacanthomas are benign tumors that typically arise from the hair follicles in a dog’s skin. They manifest as tough, layered lumps that stick out from the skin’s surface and are often described as "cornifying" due to their resemblance to a small horn. These tumors can develop anywhere on the body, but they are most frequently found on the back, tail, and legs.
Affected Breeds and Risk Factors
Certain dog breeds are more prone to developing keratoacanthomas. Middle-aged dogs are particularly at risk, and the following breeds have a higher likelihood of developing these tumors:
- Norwegian Elkhounds
- Lhasa Apsos
- Belgian Sheepdogs
- Bearded Collies
Among these, Norwegian Elkhounds and Lhasa Apsos are more likely to develop widespread or multiple tumors, increasing the need for treatment and monitoring.
Symptoms of Keratoacanthomas
The key characteristic of keratoacanthomas is the presence of cornifying, horn-like growths on the skin. Some specific symptoms include:
- Tough, horn-like lumps: These lumps are layered and protrude from the skin’s surface.
- Cornified cysts: In some cases, these tumors may appear as cornified cysts, rather than typical horn-like growths.
- Irritation and scratching: Some dogs may find the tumors bothersome and scratch or bite at them, leading to potential trauma and infection.
- Secondary infections: If the tumors are irritated or scratched open, there is a risk of secondary bacterial infections.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
While keratoacanthomas are benign, they can become problematic if the dog starts scratching or biting at them. The condition is typically diagnosed through a visual examination, but a biopsy may be necessary to confirm that the growth is non-cancerous. Treatment is often optional, but intervention is required if the tumors cause discomfort or lead to infection.
- Surgical Removal: For dogs that experience irritation, ulceration, or secondary infections, surgical removal of the tumors is the best option. However, even with surgical removal, additional tumors may develop over time.
- Oral Retinoids: In cases where the dog has multiple tumors or a generalized form of the disease, oral retinoid medications may be prescribed to help manage the condition and reduce the growth of new tumors.
- Monitoring: For tumors that are not causing discomfort, regular veterinary monitoring is often sufficient to ensure they do not worsen or lead to further complications.
Preventing Further Issues
While keratoacanthomas themselves are benign, they can cause discomfort and complications if not managed properly. Pet owners should regularly check their dogs for any new growths and consult a veterinarian if there are signs of irritation, infection, or self-trauma.
Keratoacanthomas in dogs are benign tumors that, while not life-threatening, can cause irritation and discomfort. Regular monitoring and surgical intervention when necessary can help keep the condition under control. Certain breeds, such as Norwegian Elkhounds and Lhasa Apsos, are more prone to developing these tumors, so early detection and management are crucial to ensuring the dog’s well-being.